In type 1 diabetes, the body doesn't produce insulin, a hormone necessary for glucose uptake into cells. Without insulin, the body begins to break down muscle and fat for energy, leading to weight loss.
In both type 1 and poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, the body may resort to breaking down muscle tissue for energy when glucose is not efficiently utilized. This can lead to a loss of muscle mass and subsequent weight loss.
Some individuals with diabetes may experience polyphagia, or increased hunger, due to the body's inability to use glucose properly. Despite increased food intake, weight loss can still occur if the excess calories are not effectively utilized.
Diabetes-related complications, such as damage to the gastrointestinal tract, can lead to malabsorption of nutrients. This reduces the body's ability to absorb essential nutrients from food, contributing to weight loss.
Uncontrolled diabetes can disrupt the normal metabolic processes, leading to a state where the body burns both fat and muscle for energy. This can result in overall weight loss.
Elevated blood glucose levels can spill into the urine, a condition known as glycosuria. This can result in the loss of calories, contributing to weight loss.
Diabetes can lead to chronic inflammation and the release of inflammatory cytokines. These factors can impact metabolism and contribute to weight loss.
Certain medications used to manage diabetes, such as metformin, can have side effects like gastrointestinal issues, affecting nutrient absorption and potentially contributing to weight loss.